What essential element indicates a violation related to counter proliferation activities?

The essential element indicating a violation related to counter proliferation activities is the willful export of classified articles. This type of activity directly violates regulations designed to prevent the unauthorized transfer of sensitive technologies or materials that could be used in the development of weapons of mass destruction or other military capabilities. Engaging in the willful export indicates a deliberate act to bypass controls and safeguards that are put in place to protect national security.

The focus on willfulness is significant because it demonstrates intent and awareness of the illegality of the actions being taken. This intent can involve knowledge that the items exported are classified and subject to export control regulations. Thus, this aspect of willfulness is a cornerstone in identifying serious violations in counter proliferation efforts.

The other choices provide important practices related to export compliance and monitoring but do not indicate a specific violation. For example, periodically reviewing export destinations and monitoring shipments are crucial for maintaining compliance and preventing violations, while documenting licenses helps to trace legal exports but does not inherently suggest a violation has occurred.