What term refers to enforcement efforts aimed to combat the proliferation of controlled exports?

The term that refers to enforcement efforts aimed at combating the proliferation of controlled exports is "Counter-Proliferation." This concept specifically addresses actions and strategies designed to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems, which often include controlled exports of sensitive materials and technologies.

Counter-proliferation efforts involve a range of activities, including intelligence gathering, diplomacy, and enforcement actions to ensure compliance with national and international laws regarding the export of items that could contribute to such proliferation. This is particularly crucial for maintaining global security and preventing hostile entities from acquiring capabilities that could destabilize regions or threaten peace.

In contrast, countermeasures typically refer to strategies or actions taken to respond to specific threats or attacks rather than a broad focus on export controls. Counterterrorism is directed at preventing and responding to acts of terrorism, which, while important, is not specifically about the controlled export of materials. Compliance monitoring deals with ensuring adherence to laws and regulations but does not encompass the proactive measures required to prevent proliferation itself. Thus, "Counter-Proliferation" is the most accurate term to describe these enforcement efforts.