Which agency regulates the export and licensing of single-use defense articles?

The correct answer is the U.S Department of State because it is primarily responsible for the regulation of international arms transfers, which includes single-use defense articles. The Department of State administers the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which governs the export of defense-related materials and services. This framework ensures that the export of weapons and military equipment is consistent with U.S. foreign policy and national security interests.

In contrast, the Department of Defense focuses on defense operations, policy, and budget matters but does not handle export licensing directly. The U.S Department of Commerce is tasked with regulating dual-use goods and technologies that can have both civilian and military applications but does not oversee the licensing of defense articles. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, while important for national security and law enforcement, does not play a role in the regulation of defense article exports or licensing.